On May 11th I had the pleasure to give a talk at the 2023 Baltic Sea Strategy Forum hosted by the Royal Danish Defence College. The event saw the participation of the Chief of Navies from Denmark and Sweden was a timely opportunity to consider the current situation in the Baltic Sea in the light of the war in Ukraine.

In my presentation, I reviewed the current efforts of NATO in critical maritime infrastructure protection. While NATO has shown considerable interest in this field, including by the creation of a coordination cell and a meeting with industry stakeholders, the reach of the alliance will be limited, considering the need for civil-military cooperation to effectively deter, prevent and react to greyzone activities and hybrid threats.